One of the dangers in the electrical network is the occurrence of so-called full darkness or blackout, and represents a failure of the network maintains constant voltage and frequency, leading to the exit of all generating units from the service and then outages electricity for all loads.
The electrical grid, as we know, is made up of power plants connected to each other to feed electrical loads, but the strange thing is that there is no component of the electrical grid that can store energy, and therefore a period electricity storage is zero, meaning that the energy generated is always instantaneous, noting that the speed of the electricity from the source of pregnancy is the speed of light, that is, everything is instantaneous.
The balance between demand and generation must be maintained: there are millions of consumers who have loads that need to active power P (MW), and other loads that require reactive power Q (MVAR) and at the same time are required from the generating stations provide these orders instantaneously. So it is a very complicated system, and once this balance is broken, it falls the entire system and complete blackout occurs.
Suppose, for example, that at a peak time, where the network operates at maximum generating capacity, then, for some reason, there was a malfunction in one of the power plants, which stopped and went out of service suddenly. When these come out the other units must work quickly to provide the necessary energy to compensate for the resulting the exit of that station, but at peak time as we mentioned all units are working at maximum capacity and can not afford any increase in loads, the protection systems are used and the units are removed from the grid so that the generator does not burn then, we get to the Blackout, and this is one of the scenarios of the Blackout
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